What aspect of a compound can be analyzed using spectroscopy?

Spectroscopy focuses on the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, allowing for the analysis of the absorption or emission of light by a compound. When a sample is exposed to specific wavelengths of light, its electrons can absorb energy and transition to higher energy states. This characteristic absorption or emission of light provides unique information about the molecular structure, functional groups, and electronic environment within the compound.

The ability to determine specific wavelengths or the spectrum of light absorbed or emitted serves as a powerful analytical technique to identify substances and assess their concentrations. This information can be particularly relevant in fields such as chemistry, biology, and material science, where understanding the molecular composition of a compound is essential for further research and development.