What is the term for a gas that perfectly follows the gas laws?

The term for a gas that perfectly follows the gas laws is "Ideal Gas." This concept is foundational in chemistry because an ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many particles that are in constant random motion and that interact only by elastic collisions. These gases perfectly adhere to the ideal gas equation, PV = nRT, which describes the relationship between pressure (P), volume (V), amount of substance (n), the ideal gas constant (R), and temperature (T).

In real-world scenarios, no gas behaves perfectly as an ideal gas due to interactions between particles and deviations from ideal conditions, particularly at high pressures and low temperatures. These deviations are taken into account in the study of real gases, which do not follow the gas laws exactly. The term "Perfect Gas" may also be encountered, but it is often synonymous with ideal gas and is not as widely used in scientific literature. "Standard Gas" refers to gases at standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is a specific condition rather than a description of ideal behavior. Hence, "Ideal Gas" is the most accurate term in this context for a gas that follows the gas laws perfectly.